GRADE 10th

EJES CURRICULARES

1. Review of tenses
2. Comparatives and superlatives
3. Used to

COMPETENCIAS
GENERALES
1. Participo en conversaciones en las que puedo explicar mis opiniones e ideas sobre temas generales, personales y abstractos
2. También puedo iniciar un tema de conversación y mantener la atención de mis interlocutores; cuando hablo, mi discurso es sencillo y coherente

LABORALES Y CIUDADANAS
1. Utilizo las imágenes e información del contexto de habla para comprender mejor lo que escucho

DESEMPEÑOS
1. Hago y respondo invitaciones en inglés
2. Realizo comparaciones usando los comparativos

ESTRATEGIAS METODOLÓGICAS
*Se harán clases magistrales con apoyo en lecturas, redacciones, diálogos, material audio-visual

REVIEW OF ENGLISH TENSES

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This is a review of the English tenses. The table is provided to help recall the form and use of the different English tenses studied in previous lessons.

Simple Present
Affirmative	She drinks.
Negative	She does not drink.
Interrogative	Does she drink?
Form	I, you we they play | he, she, it plays
Uses	action in the present taking place once, never or several times facts actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or schedule

Present Progressive
Affirmative	He is reading.
Negative	He is not reading.
Interrogative	Is he reading?
Form	To be (in the simple present) + verb + ing
Uses	action taking place at the moment of speaking action arranged for the future

Simple Past
Affirmative	I cried.
Negative	I did not cry
Interrogative	Did I cry?
Form	Regular verbs: Verb + ed | Irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs
Uses	action in the past taking place once, never or several times actions taking place one after another

Past Progressive
Affirmative	He was driving.
Negative	He was not driving.
Interrogative	Was he driving?
Form	to be (in the simple past) + verb + ing
Uses	action going on at a certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another action

Present Perfect Simple
Affirmative	They have slept.
Negative	They have not slept.
Interrogative	Have they slept?
Form	Have / has + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs)
Uses	emphasis is on the result (not the duration) action that started in the past & is still going on action that stopped recently finished action that has an influence on the present

Present Perfect Progressive
Affirmative	He has been thinking.
Negative	He has not been thinking.
Interrogative	Has he been thinking?
Form	have or has + been + verb + ing
Uses	putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) action that recently stopped or is still going on finished action that influenced the present

Past Perfect Simple
Affirmative	She had won.
Negative	She had not won.
Interrogative	Had she won?
Form	had + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list ofirregular verbs)
Uses	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)

Past Perfect Progressive
Affirmative	He had been waiting.
Negative	He had not been waiting.
Interrogative	Had he been waiting?
Form	had + been + verb + ing
Uses	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action

Future Simple
Affirmative	I will open the door.
Negative	I will not open the door.
Interrogative	Will you open the door?
Form	will + verb
Uses	We use the simple future for instant decisions. We use the simple future when we predict a future situation We use the simple future in conditional sentences type one. (More on conditional sentences here)

Future Plan (going to)
Affirmative	He is going to clean the car.
Negative	He is not going to clean the car.
Interrogative	Is he going to clean the car?
Form	to be (in the simple present) + going + to + verb
Uses	to express the future when we intend to do something or have decided to do something but did not arrange it. It is just an intention. predictions in the future

Future Plan (Present Progressive)
Affirmative	He is traveling to Egypt next week.
Negative	He is not traveling to Egypt next week.
Interrogative	Is he traveling to Egypt next week?
Form	to be (in the simple present) + verb + ing
Uses	when we say what we have planned and arranged to do at a specific time in the future. These are fixed plans with definite time and/or place.

Future  Progressive
Affirmative	She will be listening to music.
Negative	She will not be listening to music.
Interrogative	Will she be listening to music?
Form	will + be + verb + ing
Uses	action that is going on at a certain time in the future action that is sure to happen in the near future

Future Perfect
Affirmative	He will have spoken.
Negative	He will not have spoken.
Interrogative	Will he have spoken?
Form	will + have + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular verbs)
Uses	action that will be finished at a certain time in the future

Future Perfect Progressive
Affirmative	You will have been studying.
Negative	You will not have been studying.
Interrogative	Will you have been studying?
Form	will + have + been + verb + ing
Uses	action taking place before a certain time in the future putting emphasis on the course of an action

Conditional Simple
Affirmative	We would relax.
Negative	We would not relax.
Interrogative	Would we relax ?
Form	would + verb
Uses	action that might take place

Conditional Progressive
Affirmative	He would be writing.
Negative	He would not be writing.
Interrogative	Would he be writing?
Form	would + be + verb + ing
Uses	action that might take place putting emphasis on the course / duration of the action

Conditional Perfect
Affirmative	He would have written.
Negative	He would not have written.
Interrogative	Would he have written?
Form	would + have + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart This is a list of irregular verbs)
Uses	action that might have taken place in the past

Conditional Perfect Progressive
Affirmative	She would have been sleeping.
Negative	She would not have sleeping speaking.
Interrogative	Would she have been sleeping?
Form	would + have + been + verb + ing
Uses	action that might have taken place in the past puts emphasis on the course / duration of the action

Grammar Exercises

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple present or present progressive)

1. Look! Sara (go)  to the movies.
2. On her right hand, Sara (carry)  her handbag.
3. The handbag (be)  very beautiful.
4. Sara usually (put)  on black shoes but now she (wear) white trainers.
5. And look, she (take)  an umbrella because it (rain)  

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past perfect)

1. When he (wake up)  , his mother (already /prepare) breakfast
2. We (go)  to London because our friends (invite)  us
3. He (hear)  the news, (go)  to the telephone and (call) a friend.
4. When she (start)  learning English she (already /learn) French.
5. Jane (already / type)  three pages when her computer (crash) .
6. By the time the doctor (arrive)  at the house the patient ( die) .
7. Before that day we (never / think)  of traveling to Japan.
8. I (know)  him a long time before I (meet)  his family.
9. They (not / know)  where to meet because nobody (tell) them.
10. It (be)  cloudy for days before it (begin)  to rain.

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect).

1. I (just / finish)  my homework.
2. Mary (already / write)  five letters.
3. Tom (move)  to his home town in 1994.
4. My friend (be)  in Canada two years ago.
5. I (not / be)  to Canada so far.
6. But I (already / travel)  to London a couple of times.
7. Last week, Mary and Paul (go)  to the cinema.
8. I can't take any pictures because I (not /buy)  a new film yet.
9. (they / spend)  their holidays in Paris last summer?
10. (you / ever / see )  a whale?

Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).

1. The receptionist (welcome)  the guests and (ask)  them to fill in the form
2. The car (break)  down and we (have)  to walk home.
3. The boys (swim)  while the girls (sunbath)  .
4. My father (come)  in, (look)  and (tell) me to tidy up my room.
5. While one group (prepare)  dinner the others (collect) wood for the campfire.
6. While the parents (have)  breakfast the children (run) about.
7. Martha (turn)  off the light and (go)  to bed.

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple future or future perfect)

1. Tomorrow I think I (start)   my new project.
2. I (finish)  it by the end of this month.
3. The teacher (probably/assign)  a test to his students next Monday.
4. He (correct)  it by the end of next week.
5. My friend (certainly/get)  a good mark.
6. By 9 o'clock, we (finish)  our homework.
7. They (leave)  the classroom by the end of the hour.
8. I think I (start)  my trip tomorrow

SEPTEMBER 27th 2016

me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them object pronouns

me, te se, nos, les, les

Los pronombres acusativos en inglés o pronombres de objetotienen este nombre porque sustituyen a los objetos (complementos) directos e indirectos de la oración. En una oración como "Pedro nos dio una manzana" nos es un complemento indirecto (indirect object), la oración traducida es la siguiente: "Pedro gave us an apple".

Pronombres acusativos (object pronouns)

	Inglés	Español
Primera persona del singular	Me	(a) mí / me
Segunda persona del singular	You	(a) ti / te
Tercera persona del singular	Him, Her, It	(a) él, ella / le/ lo/ la
Primera persona del plural	Us	(a) nosotros / nos
Segunda persona del plural	You	(a) ustedes / os/ les/ los
Tercera persona del plurar	Them	(a) ellos /les / los

Todos los pronombres

Oraciones de ejemplo

Oraciones en presente simple

- They give me money every week. (Ellos me dan dinero cada semana)

- Sam always tells the truth to you. (Sam siempre te dice la verdad a ti)

- I teach English to her. (Yo le enseño inglés a ella)

- Bill is a true friend to us. (Bill es un verdadero amigo para nosotros)

- They want to give a present to you. (Ellos quieren darles un regalo a ustedes)

- Tell the truth to them. (Dile la verdad a ellos)

Oraciones en pasado simple

- Tom gave me a present. (Tom me dio un regalo)

- Grandpa saw you leave. (El abuelo te vio irte)

- Samantha gave a present to her. (Samantha le dio un regalo a ella)

- The boy told us a secret. (El niño nos dijo un secreto)

- I wanted them to leave. (Quería que ellos se fueran)

- I told you not to go there. (Les dije a ustedes que no fueran allí)

Oraciones en presente continuo

- Sally is making me laugh. (Sally me está haciendo reír)

- Tim is giving her a headache. (Tim le está dando a ella dolor de cabeza)

- The boys are baking a cake for her. (Los niños están horneando un pastel para ella)

- My mother is talking to them. (Mi mamá está hablando con ellos)

Oraciones en pasado continuo

- Benny was telling a story to them. (Benny les estaba contando un cuento a ellos)

- I was fixing the bike for you. (Estaba arreglando la bici para ti)

- They were calling her to meet up. (Le estaban llamando a ella para verse)

- Pam and Tom were arranging a meeting with them. (Pam y Tom estaban organizando una junta con ellos)

Oraciones en presente perfecto

- The company has told many lies to them. (La empresa les ha dicho muchas mentiras)

- The government has never given us any support. (El gobierno nunca nos ha dado apoyo)

- The kids have seen a ghost with her. (Los niños han visto un fantasma con ella)

- Pam has shared a secret with me. (Pam ha compartido un secreto conmigo)

Oraciones en presente perfecto continuo

- Mark has been living in a fantasy with her. (Mark ha estado viviendo en una fantasía con ella)

- Daisy has been watching the game with us for hours. (Daisy ha estado mirando el partido connosotos durante horas)

- My children have been selling cookies to them for years. (Mis niños han estado vendiéndolesgalletas durante años)

- I have been telling you the truth all this time. (Te he estado diciendo la verdad todo este tiempo)

Oraciones en pasado perfecto simple

- He had played soccer with them for years. (Él había jugado soccer con ellos por años)

- If Mandy had seen a ghost, she would have told me. (Si Mandy hubiese visto un fantasma ellame habría dicho)

- Tim would have gone to Africa if he were sent by us. (Tim se habría ido a África si hubiese sido enviado por nosotros)

- If only I had lived in Japan I would have visited them more often. (Si tan solo hubiese vivido en Japón los habría visitado más seguido)

Oraciones en pasado perfecto continuo

- For months we had been dreaming to meet her. (Durante meses habíamos estado soñando conconocerla)

- All my life I had been waiting for you. (Toda mi vida te había estado esperando)

- We had been telling them to stop smoking. (Les habíamos estado diciendo que dejaran de fumar)

- They had been giving us a hard time. (Ellos nos habían estado haciendo la vida difícil)

Oraciones negativas o negaciones (not)

- I didn't tell anything to them. (No les dije nada a ellos)

- They didn't sell the car to us. (No nos vendieron el coche)

- Mike doesn't talk to her. (Mike no habla con ella)

- We haven't seen him. (No lo hemos visto)

- Martha is looking for you. (Martha te está buscando)

Los pronombres de sujeto en ingles y español - I, you, he (yo, tú, él)..

yo, tú, él, ella, ello, nosotros, ustedes, ellos

Los pronombres de sujeto en inglés, como su nombre indica, sirven para sustituir al sujeto. En una oración como "Pedro come fruta" Pedro es el sujeto y en español lo sustituiríamos por él: "él come fruta". En inglés la misma oración sería "Pedro eats fruit" y sustituiríamos Pedro por he: "He eats fruit".

Pronombres de sujeto (subject pronouns)

	Inglés	Español
Primera persona del singular	I	Yo
Segunda persona del singular	You	Tú
Tercera persona del singular	He, She, It	Él, Ella, Eso
Primera persona del plural	We	Nosotros/as
Segunda persona del plural	You	Ustedes
Tercera persona del plurar	They	Ellos/as

ORACIONES DE EJEMPLO

Oraciones en presente simple

- I like fish. (Me gusta el pescado)

- You are happy. (Tú estás feliz)

- He has a cat. (Él tiene un gato)

- She wants a house. (Ella quiere una casa)

- It is big. (Es grande)

- We can do it. (Nosotros podemos hacerlo)

- You have a car. (Ustedes tienen un coche)

- They need to go. (Ellos necesitan irse)

Oraciones en pasado simple

- I liked her. (Ella me gustaba)

- You needed money. (Tú necesitabas dinero)

- He wanted to see you. (Él quería verte)

- She had to leave. (Ella tenía que irse)

- It was ok. (Estuvo bien)

- We could play tennis. (Nosotros podíamos jugar tenis)

- You wanted to have it. (Ustedes querían tenerlo)

- They asked too many questions. (Ellos hicieron muchas preguntas)

Oraciones en presente continuo

- I am eating fish. (Estoy comiendo pescado)

- You are talking to her. (Estás hablando con ella)

- He is living in Japan. (Él está viviendo en Japón)

- She is running. (Ella está corriendo)

- It is raining. (Está lloviendo)

- We are calling the doctor. (Estamos llamando al doctor)

- You are reading. (Ustedes están leyendo)

- They are playing golf. (Ellos están jugando golf)

Oraciones en pasado continuo

- I was running yesterday morning. (Yo estaba corriendo ayer por la mañana)

- You were talking on the phone last night. (Tú estabas hablando por teléfono ayer por la noche)

- He was sleepingwhen you called. (Él estaba duermiendo cuando llamaste)

- She was cooking when I got home. (Ella estaba cocinando cuando llegué a casa)

- It was snowing when I left. (Estaba nevando cuando me fui)

- We were living in a farm back then. (Estábamos viviendo en una ganja en aquellos tiempos)

- You were asking for it. (Lo estaban pidiendo)

- They were falling in love. (Se estaban enamorando)

Oraciones en presente perfecto

- I have lived here for a year. (He vivido aquí por un año)

- You have played the piano since you were a boy. (Has tocado el piano desde que eras un niño)

- He has loved her all his life. (La ha amado toda su vida)

- She has run away too many times. (Ella ha huído muchas veces)

- It has stopped. (Se ha detenido)

- We have managed to survive. (Hemos conseguido sobrevivir)

- You have succeeded. (Ustedes han prosperado)

- They have never seen snow. (Nunca han visto la nieve)

Oraciones en presente perfecto continuo

- I have been living in London. (Yo he estado viviendo en Londres)

- You have been lying. (Ustedes han estado mintiendo)

- They have been drinking. (Ellos han estado tomando)

- We have been playing soccer. (Nosotros hemos estado jugando soccer)

Oraciones en pasado perfecto simple

- I had lived in Russia. (Yo había vivido en Rusia)

- You had seen her many times before. (La habías visto muchas veces antes)

- He had played the piano for years. (Él había tocado el piano durante años)

- She had talked to Susan. (Ella había hablado con Susan)

- It had started to fall. (Había comenzado a caer)

- We had already seen the movie. (Ya habíamos visto la película)

- You had taken the bus home. (Habías tomado el autobús a casa)

- They had called me. (Ellos me habían llamado)

Oraciones en pasado perfecto continuo

- I had been living in a tower. (Yo había estado viviendo en una torre)

- You had been talking for hours. (Habías estado hablando durante horas)

- He had been missing home. (Él había estado extrañando su casa)

- She had been running in the fores. (Ella había estado corriendo en el bosque)

- It had been raining for days. (Había estado lloviendo durante días)

- We had been trying to avoid this topic. (Habíamos estado intentando evitar este tema)

- You had been fighting agains them. (Ustedes habían estado peleando contra ellos)

- They had been thinking about it. (Ellos lo habían estado pensando)

Oraciones negativas o negaciones (not)

- Presente simple: I don't like soup. (No me gusta la sopa)

- Pasado simple: You didn't go to the party. (No fuiste a la fiesta)

- Presente continuo: He's not going to see him. (Él no va a verlo)

- Pasado continuo: They were not looking for a job. (Ellos no estaban buscando un trabajo)

- Present perfect simple: I have lived in a castle. (He vivido en un castillo)

- Past perfect simple: We had stayed up all night. (Nos habíamos quedado despiertos toda la noche)

- Present perfect continuous: She has been studying for hours. (Ha estado estudiando durante horas)

- Past perfect continuous: They had been trying to acces the building all morning. (Ellos habían estado intentando acceder al edificio toda la mañana)

Fill in the spaces with the correct subject or object pronoun. 

For example,
He knows Tom.
He knows him. 

Principio del formulario

1. He lives with Jennifer.
He lives with .

2. Thomas likes the movie.
Thomas likes .

3. Jane and I are friends.
 are friends.

4. The computer is broken.
 is broken.

5. He will talk to Jeff later today.
He will talk to  later today.

6. The children play in the park every day.
 play in the park every day.

7. He does not know Peter and Mike.
He does not know .

8. My mother and father like baseball.
 like baseball.

9. The teacher helped my friend and I.
The teacher helped .

10. The hockey players have a game tonight.
 have a game tonight.

Final del formulario